初二英语上册重要词组和句型

初二英语上册重要词组和句型
初二英语上册重要词组和句型

初二英语上册重要词组和句型
八年级册1－7单元
一、 have fun doing sth.
【句型介绍】 意为\"做某事有乐趣\",其中have fun 相当于enjoy oneself,表示过得愉快.
八年级册1－7单元重点知识回顾
作者：高德胜
1. 英语中的集体名词,如family, class, team等作主语时,若作为一个整体看,其后的谓语动词用单数；若强调其组成成员,谓语动词用复数.如：
My family is a happy one. 我家是个幸福的家庭.
My family are all watching TV. 我们全家人都在看电视.
2. 在比较级中,要注意than后面人称代词的格.
1）当句子中的谓语动词是不及物动词时,than后面的代词用主格还是宾格,在意思上通常没有区别.如：
He runs faster than I / me. 他跑得比我快.
They get to school earlier than we / us every day. 他们每天都比我们到校早.
2)当句中的谓语动词是及物动词时,than后面的人称代词用主格还是宾格在意思上就有差别了.试比较：
I like you more than he. (=I like you more than he likes you.) 我比他更喜欢你.
I like you more than him. (=I like you more than I like him.) 你和他相比,我更喜欢你.
3． 不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面,一般指一个还没有发生的动作.如：
Do you have anything to say about this? 有关这件事你有没有什么要说的?
4． 在比较句型中,than后面的谓语动词常常省略.也可以用相应的助动词来代替与前面相同的谓语动词,以避免重复.如：
Tom does better at the lessons than I (do). 汤姆功课比我好.
She ate less than I (did) for breakfast. 她早饭吃得比我少.
5． You\'d better ... 是You had better ... 的缩写形式. had better 为固定短语,意为\"最好.\",后接动词原形,常用来提出建议或劝告,其否定形式是\"had better not + 动词原形\".如：
You\'d better not stay there too long. 你最好别在那里呆得太久.
We had fun playing computer games. 我们玩电脑游戏很愉快.
【句式比较】 have a good / nice / wonderful time doing sth. 做某事有乐趣
Did you have a good / nice / wonderful time visiting that country? 访问那个国家你们快乐吗?
【特别提醒】 句中fun为不可数名词,表乐趣,前面不能加不定冠词.
二、 But I don\'t know what to do.
【句型介绍】 疑问词 + 不定式可作主语、宾语或表语.
I don\'t know how to get her help. 我不知道怎样才能得到她的帮助.
Where to buy this kind of seed is unknown to me. 我不知道去哪儿购买这种种子.
My question is when to leave for Tokyo. 我的问题是什么时候去东京.
【句式比较】 疑问词 + 不定式可转换成连词（原疑问词）引导的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句.
I don\'t know where we can find her. 我不知道在哪儿能找到她.
How she will go there is still a secret. 她怎么去那里还是一个谜.
Her question is how she can pass the exam. 她的问题是她怎样才能通过这次考试.
【特别提醒】 疑问词 + 不定式转换成宾语从句时应用陈述语序.
三、 This is ... speaking.
【句型介绍】 该句为打电话用语,用来进行自我介绍,This代表我,speaking可以省去.
Hello! This is Tom (speaking). 你好,我是汤姆.
【句式比较】 Who is that (speaking)? 你是谁?that用来询问对方是谁,speaking可以省去. Is that ... (speaking)? 你是.吗?that也用来询问对方是谁, speaking也可以省去.
This is Mary (speaking). Who is that (speaking)? 我是玛丽,你是谁?
Is that Jane (speaking)? 你是詹妮吗?
【特别提醒】 this不能换成I, that不能换成you.
四、 hear sb. / sth. doing
【句型介绍】 意为\"听见某人 / 物正在做.\",句中doing为现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行,强调一个过程.
Just then I heard someone crying \"Help! Help!\" 就在那时,我听见有人在喊\"救命啊!救命!\"
【句式比较】 hear sb. / sth. do sth. 听见某人 / 物做某事,句中do为不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,表动作已经结束,强调一个结果.
I heard him sing three songs. 我听见他唱了三首歌.
hear sb. / sth. done听见某人 / 物被.,done为动词的过去分词作宾语补足语,强调被动.
Do you often hear this song sung by him? 你经常听见他唱这首歌吗?
【特别提醒】 在这些句型中的hear可换成see, feel, watch等感官动词.
初二1－7单元重点短语
作者：王宣玲
一、 名词短语
a waste of time 浪费（白费）时间
field trip 野外旅游
the day after tomorrow后天
Terra Cotta Warriors 兵马俑
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节
on Mid-autumn Day / Festival 在中秋节
二、 动词短语
go fishing 去钓鱼
go boating 去划船
go hiking 去徒步旅行
go on a picnic 去野餐
trip over （被.）绊倒
hurry up 赶快
get home 回家
get together 相聚
agree with ... 同意.意见（想法）；符合
ask for 请求；询问
come up 走近；发生；上来；流行
come over 过来；抓住
三、 介、副词短语
in the open air 在户外；在野外
on time 准时
at the front / back of 在前 / 后面
in front of 在.前面
in the country 在乡下
in town 在城里
on the left /right side 在左 / 右边
up and down 上上下下；来来回回
四、 其它短语
(not) ... any more再也不；不能再.
all the same 仍然； 还是
had better (do) 最好（做.）
八年级8－14单元重点句型
一、I\'m sorry to hear that.
[句型介绍] 该句是对所听说的不幸事件的回答用语,含义为\"真遗憾；听到那件事我很难过\".
-I didn\'t pass the exam. 我没通过这次考试.
-I\'m sorry to hear that. 真遗憾.
-My grandfather died yesterday. 我的祖父昨天去世了.
-I\'m sorry to hear that. 我很难过.
[知识拓展] 1. I\'m glad to hear that. 我真高兴听到那事.
-I have managed to buy a ticket for tonight\'s film. 我设法买到了今晚的电影票.
-I\'m （very） glad to hear that. 真替你高兴.
2. Congratulations. 恭喜你.
-I\'ve just married a beautiful girl. 我刚刚娶了一位漂亮姑娘.
-Congratulations. 恭喜你.
二、be good for
[句型介绍] 意为\"有益于.\", for后面接名词.
Is swimming good for your health?游泳有益于你的身体健康吗?
I think timely rain is good for the crops. 我认为适时地下雨对庄稼生长有好处.
[知识拓展] be good to 对.友好；be good at 擅长.
She is always good to me. 她对我一直很友好.
She is good at singing popular songs. 她擅长唱流行歌曲.
三、ask sb. for sth.
[句型介绍] 意为\"向某人要某物\",sb.与sth.位置不得颠倒.
Can I ask you for help?你能帮帮我吗?
To tell you the truth, when I have trouble, I always ask her for advice. 跟你说老实话,每当我有麻烦时总向她征求意见.
[知识拓展] ask for sth. 要求得到某物；ask for sb.要求见某人
Yesterday he asked me for money. 昨天他向我要钱.
Did anybody ask for me during my absence?我不在的时候有人找过我吗?
四、be born in
[句型介绍] 意为\"出生于\",后接地点状语或时间状语.
He was born in a small town in 1995. 1995年他出生于一个小镇上.
In which city was he born in 1988?1988年他出生在哪一个城市?
[知识拓展] be born of出生于.家庭
It is said that he was born of a teacher\'s family. 据说他出生于教师的家庭.
五、good luck with sth.
[句型介绍] 祝贺用语,with后面接事物名词.
Good luck with your exam. 祝你考试好运.
Good luck with your journey. 祝你旅途顺利.
[知识拓展] good luck to sb. 祝.好运
Good luck to you. 祝你好运.
六、get married to
[句型介绍] 意为\"和.结婚\",强调动作,若不接宾语,应省to.
She got married to a foreigner last year. 去年她和一个老外结了婚.
Did she get married last year?她是去年结婚的吗?
[知识拓展] be married to \"和.结婚\",强调状态.
She was married to Li Ping. 她嫁给了李平.
值得注意的是,get married to属终止性动词短语,不可和表示时间段的状语连用,但be married to却可以,因为它是持续性动词短语.
七、Would you like to ... ?
[句型介绍] 该句用来提出请求,含义为\"你愿意.吗\",to后面接动词原形.
Would you like to give me some help?你愿意给我提供一些帮助吗?
Would you like to repair this bike for me?你愿意为我修这辆自行车吗?
[知识拓展] Will / Would you please ...?please后面应接动词原形,含义为\"你愿意.吗\".
Will you please water these flowers?请你给这些花浇水,好吗?
Would you please give me some money?你给我点儿钱,好吗?
八、Thanks a lot for ...
[句型介绍] 该句为感谢用语,含义为\"非常感谢.\",也可说成Thank you very much for ..., for为介词,后面可接名词、代词、动名词.
Thanks a lot for your kind help.感谢您友好的帮助.
Thank you very much for coming to see me.感谢你来看我.
[知识拓展] be thankful to sb. for sth.因某事对某人感激
I\'m thankful to you for your kindness.感谢您的好意.
九、last from ... to ...
[句型介绍] 意为\"从.持续到.\",from和to后面均应接时间名词.
Our sports meeting will last from Friday to Sunday. 我们的运动会将从星期五持续到星期日.
Their summer camp will last from October 1st to November 1st. 他们的夏令营将从10月1日持续到11月1日.
[知识拓展] go on to ... 延续到.
Her wedding will go on to five o\'clock.她的婚礼将持续到5点.参考资料：http://www.rustone.com/html/jadq/yyja/index.html