英语语法 谓语
英语语法 谓语
英语语法 谓语
英语语法 谓语
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谓语
谓语[predicate verb]是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后.
谓语由动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类.不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语.
谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现.例如:
I like walking.(一般现在时主动语态)
I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)
It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)
复合谓语也可分为两种情况:
第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语:
What does this word mean?
I won’t do it again.
I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.
You’d better catch a bus.
第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语.例如:
You look the same.
We are all here.
The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer.
Keep quite and listen to me.
He looked worried.
We have to be up early in the moming.
Is Bill in?
School Is over. Let’s go home.
My pen is in my bag.
I feel terrible.
I* fell tried all the time.
He seemed rather tired last night.
动词
实意动词除作谓语外,还有不能单独作谓语的形式,即非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括:不定式,动名词,分词(现在分词和过去分词)
动名词
动名词是动词-ing形式的一种,特点是只能作句子的主语和宾语,但是没有单复数形式之分,在此不再赘述。
动词不定式
动词不定式在句子中可以充当主语,宾语(表语),定语,状语,和宾语补足语。
不定式充当主语常用形式主语it作形式主语,例...
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实意动词除作谓语外,还有不能单独作谓语的形式,即非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括:不定式,动名词,分词(现在分词和过去分词)
动名词
动名词是动词-ing形式的一种,特点是只能作句子的主语和宾语,但是没有单复数形式之分,在此不再赘述。
动词不定式
动词不定式在句子中可以充当主语,宾语(表语),定语,状语,和宾语补足语。
不定式充当主语常用形式主语it作形式主语,例如:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
不定式充当宾语一般表示短暂的或尚未发生的行为。例如:
I like drinking tea in usual,but today I like to have a little wine.
After walking for a whole day, Tom only wanted to sleep.
注意当不定式作宾语时如果有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,例:Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
不定式作定语一般要后置,例如:①Allen is the best man to take this job.②He found a good house to live in.
不定式作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,常见该类动词有: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:With a lot of work to do, he didn’t go to the cinema.
不定式作状语通常有以下几种用法:
表目的:He worked day and night to get the money.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
表结果:He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调:I visited him only to find him out.
表原因:They were very sad to hear the news.
表程度:It’s too dark for us to see anything.
作独立成分:To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked.
注意①不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to.②不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。He wished to study medicine and become a doctor
分词
分词在句子中可以充当定语,补语和状语。注意在区分使用现在还是过去分词时,最简洁有效的方法是看分词与被修饰词的关系。如果分词的动作是被修饰词发出的,就使用现在分词;如果分词的动作是被修饰词承受的,就使用过去分词。例如:
作状语:
①Listening to the music,Tom cleaned the house.(听音乐的动作也是由Tom发出的)
②Blamed by his father, the boy left home without words.(the boy是责骂的承受者)
注意当动作由被修饰者发出但是分词的动作与主句的动作有明显时间差时,要使用现在分词的完成时,例如:
Having finished all the homework, Mary helped her mother with the housework.做完功课之后,玛丽帮妈妈做家务。
作定语和宾语补足语:
The interesting boy makes people interested.这个有趣的小男孩让人们很感兴趣。(boy是动作的发出者,所以用现在分词修饰;people是承受者,所以用过去分词修饰)
The annoying noise made all students annoyed.恼人的噪音让学生们都很恼火。(noise是动作的发出者,所以用现在分词修饰;students是承受者,所以用过去分词修饰)
动词现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别见单词总结。
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