SAT2物理：以S开头的专业词汇[1]

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Scalar　　A quantity that possesses a magnitude but not a direction. Mass and length are common examples.　　Second Law of Thermodynamics　　There are a few versions of this law. One is that heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold, but not in the reverse direction. Another is that there is no such thing as a 100% efficient heat engine. A third states that the entropy, or disorder, of a system may increase but will never decrease spontaneously.　　Significant digits　　The number of digits that have been accurately measured. When combining several measurements in a formula, the resulting calculation can only have as many significant digits as the measurement that has the smallest number of significant digits.　　Simple harmonic oscillator　　An object that moves about a stable equilibrium point and experiences a restoring force that is directly proportional to the oscillator’s displacement.　　Sine　　In a right triangle, the sine of a given angle is the length of the side opposite the angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse.　　Snell’s Law　　Relates the angle of incidence to the angle of refraction: .　　Sound　　Waves carried by variations in air pressure. The speed of sound waves in air at room temperature and pressure is roughly 343 m/s.　　Specific heat　　The amount of heat of a material required to raise the temperature of either one kilogram or one gram of that material by one degree Celsius. Different units may be used depending on whether specific heat is measured in s of grams or kilograms, and joules or calories.　　Spectroscope　　A device that breaks incoming light down into spectral rays, so that one can see the exact wavelength constituents of the light.　　Speed　　A scalar quantity that tells us how fast an object is moving. It measures the rate of change in distance over time. Speed is to be contrasted with velocity in that there is no direction associated with speed.　　Spring　　Objects that experience osciSAT