英语翻译Investors understand the implications of these paradigm shifts much better thaneconomists do,recognizing that competition in such industries is often much moreintense than in mature industries.Such intense competition generates high risk

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英语翻译Investors understand the implications of these paradigm shifts much better thaneconomists do,recognizing that competition in such industries is often much moreintense than in mature industries.Such intense competition generates high risk
英语翻译
Investors understand the implications of these paradigm shifts much better than
economists do,recognizing that competition in such industries is often much more
intense than in mature industries.Such intense competition generates high risk and
requires higher than average returns to compensate.Yet high risk for the investor
should translate to lower risk for the antitrust authorities,as incumbent positions
may be fragile even in the short-to medium-term and,frequently,competitive
forces are sufficiently powerful to undo monopoly power,should it arise.
3.Limitations of traditional indicia used to evaluate market definition and
market power
The fundamental underpinning of all(non-collusive)competition policy issues is
the analysis of market/monopoly power.In traditional antitrust economics and
jurisprudence,the starting point for competitive assessment is the concept of a
(relevant)market.The presumption is that if a firm has a‘high market share’
coupled with high entry barriers,it has‘monopoly’power.Thus,its conduct can
be injurious to competition,and ought to be scrutinized most carefully.
Absent monopoly power,non-collusive business conduct never raises antitrust
issues.In the presence of monopoly power,business conduct that would otherwise
be unobjectionable may become problematic.This has traditionally been de-
termined by defining the market in which a firm competes and then assessing the
degree of control that a particular firm has over that market.
In US antitrust jurisprudence,there are two main categories of traditional indicia
commonly used to define markets and derive measures of market power.These are
(1)the methods contained in the Horizontal Merger Guidelines and(2)indicia
7
that roughly correspond to those identified in Brown Shoe.These have been
utilized by the courts as if they are universally applicable,without regard to
6
Henderson and Clark(1990).

英语翻译Investors understand the implications of these paradigm shifts much better thaneconomists do,recognizing that competition in such industries is often much moreintense than in mature industries.Such intense competition generates high risk
投资者比经济学家更深地理解这些典范转移的定义,因为他们认识到在这种行业中的竞争会比在其他成熟行会中来的更激烈.这种激烈的竞争产生了高风险并且要求高于平均值的收益以供赔偿.然而,投资者的高风险应该能被反垄断当局转化为低风险.因为即使是中短期现任的职位也是不稳定的,而且不断地会有强而有力的竞争力量出现来瓦解垄断势力.
3. 用于评估市场界定和市场势力的传统指标的局限性.
所有竞争策略(非共谋的)话题的根本支撑在于对市场/垄断势力的分析.在传统的反垄断的经济学和法学中,竞争评定的出发点是界定市场(相关)的概念.推测的结果是如果一个公司具有伴有较高的入市门槛的“高市场占有率”,那么这个公司就具有垄断势力.因此,这个公司的行为对竞争就是有害的,对其必须进行详细地审查.没有了垄断势力,非共谋的商业行为绝对不会引起反垄断的问题.垄断势力的存在的情况下,无异议的商业行为也会变成有问题的.这个在传统上是由怎样界定某家公司参与竞争的市场和评估某个特定公司在这个市场上的控制度所决定的.
在美国的反垄断法中存在着两大类普遍用于市场界定和衡量市场力量的传统指标.他们是在《同业合并指南》中包含的方法和Brown Shoe中与这些定义粗略相关的指标.这些指标已经在法庭上应用,似乎他们是普遍适用的而不顾及...
Henderson安德森 and Clark克拉克 (1990)

投资者了解这些范式转变的含义比 经济学家做的,并且认识到这一点:竞争在这些产业里经常更多 强烈的比在成熟产业。如此剧烈的竞争产生高风险、 需要高于平均回报以作补偿。然而高危险群的投资者 应该把风险更低的反托拉斯当局,现任职位 可能是脆弱的,即使在short-to中期,经常,有竞争力 有足够的强大力量来还原垄断势力,若出现。...

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投资者了解这些范式转变的含义比 经济学家做的,并且认识到这一点:竞争在这些产业里经常更多 强烈的比在成熟产业。如此剧烈的竞争产生高风险、 需要高于平均回报以作补偿。然而高危险群的投资者 应该把风险更低的反托拉斯当局,现任职位 可能是脆弱的,即使在short-to中期,经常,有竞争力 有足够的强大力量来还原垄断势力,若出现。

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翻译这么多,又不能用翻译器
楼主的奖赏分太少了吧....

投资者了解这些模式转变的影响明显优于
经济学家认为,认识到在这些行业的竞争更是常常
较成熟的industries.Such产生激烈的竞争激烈的高风险,
需要比平均回报更高compensate.Yet高风险的投资者
应转化为较低的反垄断当局的风险,因为现任职务
可能是脆弱的,即使在短期到中期和,经常,有竞争力
足够强大的力量撤消的垄断权,如...

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投资者了解这些模式转变的影响明显优于
经济学家认为,认识到在这些行业的竞争更是常常
较成熟的industries.Such产生激烈的竞争激烈的高风险,
需要比平均回报更高compensate.Yet高风险的投资者
应转化为较低的反垄断当局的风险,因为现任职务
可能是脆弱的,即使在短期到中期和,经常,有竞争力
足够强大的力量撤消的垄断权,如果它出现。
3.Limitations用于评估市场的定义和传统的征象
市场力量
所有(非合谋)竞争政策问题的根本基础是
市场/垄断power.In分析的传统,反垄断经济学
判例,对竞争力评估的出发点是一个概念
(相关)market.The假设是,如果一个公司有a'high市场份额
加上高进入壁垒,它has'monopoly'power。因此,其行为可以
将损害竞争,也应该是最认真的审议。
缺席的垄断权,非合谋的商业行为不会引发反垄断
issues.In垄断力量的存在,商业行为,否则将
是无可非议可能成为problematic.This历来取消
termined定义的市场竞争中,一个公司,然后评估
控制的程度,一个特定的公司拥有该市场。
在美国反托拉斯案例中,有两个主要类别的传统征象
通常用来定义市场和衍生市场power.These措施
(1)在横向合并指南中的方法和(2)征象
7
,大约对应于布朗Shoe.These已确定的
利用法庭,好像他们是普遍适用的,不考虑
6
亨德森和克拉克(1990年)。

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投资者明白这些范例议案的含义要比经济学家所作的好得多。认识到在这些工业中的竞争比成熟的工业中的竞争激烈的多。这些激烈的竞争产生高风险并且比一般水平高回报。然而对投资者的高风险相对于反垄断机构来说却是低风险。因为在中短期项目中当前地位是弱不禁风的,竞争力常常对消除垄断力是有效力的。应该提高。3.用来评价市场定义和市场力量的传统表征限制。所有(非联合体)竞争政策规范的基础是对于市场/垄断力量的分析。在...

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投资者明白这些范例议案的含义要比经济学家所作的好得多。认识到在这些工业中的竞争比成熟的工业中的竞争激烈的多。这些激烈的竞争产生高风险并且比一般水平高回报。然而对投资者的高风险相对于反垄断机构来说却是低风险。因为在中短期项目中当前地位是弱不禁风的,竞争力常常对消除垄断力是有效力的。应该提高。3.用来评价市场定义和市场力量的传统表征限制。所有(非联合体)竞争政策规范的基础是对于市场/垄断力量的分析。在传统反垄断经济学和法理中,竞争局面的起点是(相关)市场的概念,假定一个行业有高的市场份额同时有高的准入门槛(壁垒),就有垄断力量。因此,它的行为对竞争有伤害,应该仔细审慎对待。
缺乏竞争力,非联合商业行为从来不适用反垄断政策。由于垄断力量的存在,不受争议的商业行为就存在问题。这已经由行业竞争的市场定义和掌控市场的特殊行业的控制程度顺理成章的决定。
在美国,具有传统表征的两个主要构成部分的反垄断法理普遍用于规范市场和导向市场力量的度。就是(1)横向兼并指南中的方式和(2)基本对应于布朗鞋业特点的表征。这些法理已经被法庭应用,好像是可以普遍接受的,和Henderson 和 Clark(1990)无关。
最后特此声明:一、除了特别明显的错误,我尽量忠实于你的原文。二、这么长,您是不是考虑再多给点分。.

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