八下英语第一单元的重点、难点要人教版2013年教育部审定的
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八下英语第一单元的重点、难点要人教版2013年教育部审定的
八下英语第一单元的重点、难点
要人教版2013年教育部审定的
八下英语第一单元的重点、难点要人教版2013年教育部审定的
新目标英语八年级上册第一单元重难点讲述
1 . What do you usually do on weekends? 你周末通常干什么?
这是一个特殊疑问句,由特殊疑问词 what +助动词+主语+谓语动词+其它构成.
特殊疑问句应该是问什么答什么.
e.g. What does she usually do on weekends? 她周末通常干什么?
She usually goes to the movies. 她通常去看电影.
2 . How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次?
( 1 ) how often… 多久 …how often 是针对动作发生的频率提问,回答应该是频率副词或表频率的副词词组,如 once, very
often, every day, never 等.
e.g. - How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视?
- Twice a week. 一周两次.
e.g. How often does he go back to London? 他多久回一次伦敦?
Once a year. 一年一次.
(一次 once, 两次 twice, 三次或三次以上用 times .e.g. 4 times 4 次; some times 几次.)
( 2 ) exercise 这个词可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,在这个句子中是用作动词,意为“锻炼”.
e.g. You should exercise more.
你应该多锻炼(运动).
exercise 作名词时,可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词.
e.g. Walking is good exercise.
散步是很好的运动.(不可数)
e.g. We do English exercises every day.
我们每天做英语练习.(可数)
3 . How many hours do you sleep every night?
你每天晚上睡几个小时?
how many … 多少…… 对可数名词提问,回答应该是表示数量的名词或词组.
e.g. How many months are there in a year? 一年有多少个月?
Twelve. 12 个月.
e.g. How many times do you exercise every week? 你一周锻炼几次?
Three or four times. 三、四次吧.( three or four
times=three times or four )
time 作“时间”讲时是不可数名词,作“次数”讲时是可数名词.
4 . So you see, I look after my health.
look after 照顾,照料,管理
e.g. Please look after my sister. 请照顾一下我妹妹.
e.g. Can you look after my cat? 你能照看一下我的小猫吗?
5 . And it makes a big difference to my grades. 这对我的成绩很重要.(这使我的成绩截然不同.)
difference n. 不同,差异,区别
make a difference 产生差别;有影响
e.g. It makes a difference which you choose.
你选择哪一个,事关重大.
different adj. 不同的, be different from 与……不同
e.g. This picture is quite different from that one.
这幅图与那幅图有很大的区别.
6 .几个表示频率的副词:
always =all the time 一直,总是
e.g. She is always very happy. 她总是很快乐.
usually 通常
e.g. I usually go to school by bike. 我通常骑自行车去上学.
often 经常,常常
e.g. We often go to play soccer after school. 我们经常在放学后去踢球.
sometimes=at times 有时,偶尔
e.g. Sometimes we talk on the phone. 有时我们在电话上谈谈.
hardly ever 几乎从不,很少
e.g. He hardly ever goes to the movies. 他几乎从不看电影.
never 从不,从未
e.g. She is never late for school. 她上学从来不迟到.
这几个副词表示动作发生的频率程度依次递降为:
always → usually → often → sometimes → hardly
ever → never
※ 这些词表示经常性动作或情况,不是指某一具体动作,常用一般现在时.在句中的位置通常是动
词 be ,情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前. sometimes
有时可位于句首或句末.
※ hardly adv. 几乎不,几乎没有
这个副词本身有否定的意思,用在句中这个句子等于是一个否定句,不需要再加其它否定词.
e.g. He can hardly know his
name. 他几乎不认识自己的名字.
频率的副词及相关的百分比
always
almost
usually
often
sometimes
hardly ever
never
100%
90%
80%
30%-50%
20%
5%
0%
学习目标:
1 .学习谈论做某事的经常性.
2 .学习几个特殊疑问句:
What do you usually do on weekends?
How often do you watch TV?
How many hours do you sleep every night?
3 .学习几个表示频率的副词:
always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, ever, never 等
重点单词:
一.重点单词:
in class 在课上;上课时rule n. 规章;规定hallway n. 门厅;走廊classroom n. 教室,Ms n.
(用于姓氏前)女士fight v. 打架;打仗outside adv. 在外面;向外面cafeteria n. 自助食堂have to
不得不;必须sneakers n. (pl.)胶底运动鞋gym abbr. (gymnasium)体育馆;(gymnastics)体育;体操Dr abbr.
(doctor, 用于姓氏前)博士;医生by prep. (表时间)在.以前;不晚于wash v. 洗;洗涤;清洗No talking!
禁止谈话!
二.重点短语:
1. in class 在课上,
2. on school nights 在上学的晚上,
3. school rules校规,
4. no talking 禁止交谈,
5. listen to music 听音乐,
6. have to不得不,
7. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步,
8. eat outside 在外面吃饭,
9. in the hallway 在走廊上,
10. wear a uniform 穿制服,
11. arrive late for class 上学迟到,
12. after school 放学后,
13. practice the guitar 练习弹吉它,
14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里,
15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面,
16. by ten o'clock.十点之前,
17. be in bed 在床上
18. the Children's Palace 少年宫
19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭
三.重点句子:
1. What are the rules at your school? 你们学校有什么规定?
Don't run in the hallways and don't arrive late for class.
不要在走廊上跑,不要迟到.
2. Can we eat in school? 我们能在学校吃东西吗?We can eat in the cafeteria, but we can't
eat in the classroom. 我们可以在自助餐厅吃东西,但是我们不能在教室吃东西.
3. Can you wear hats in school? 你们在学校可以戴帽子吗?Yes, we can. / No, we can't.
是的,我们可以./不,我们不可以.
4. Do you have to wear a uniform at school? 你们在学校不得不穿校服吗?Yes, we do. / No, we
don't. 是的,我们要穿./不,我们不穿.
5. What else do you have to do? 你还有别的不得不做吗?We have to clean the
classrooms.
我们不得不打扫教室.
四.重难点讲解
1.Don't run in the hallways.别在走廊里跑.
这是一个祈使句.祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告等,通常省略主语 you.
它的谓语动词用祈使语气(即动词原形).句尾一般用降调.祈使句有肯定和否定两种:
e.g. Come in, please! 请进!
Sit down, please. 请坐.
Let's go home. 我们回家吧.
否定的祈使句是在动词前(即句首)加 Don't.
e.g. Don't talk in class! 不要在课常上讲话!
Don't open the window! 别开窗!
Don't be late for school. 上学别迟到.
2.—What are the rules? 规则是什么?
—Well, we can't arrive late for class. 哦,我们上课不能迟到.
(1)rule规则,可数名词,构成的短语有:
obey the rules 遵守规章
school rules 校纪 = the rules of the school
class rules 班规 = the rules of the class
※ rule还可以用作动词,意为“统治,支配”.
e.g. The king ruled the country 500 years ago.
500年前,国王统治着这个国家.
(2)arrive 到达
arrive是一个不及物动词,不能直接跟表示地点的名词.如果要跟名词,就必须加介词in或at.在“大地方”前加“in”;在“小地方”前加“at”.
e.g. When did you arrive in Shanghai? 你什么时候到的上海?
When we arrive at the school, it was 7:50.
当我们到达学校时,已经 7:50了.
※如果 arrive后不接名词,就不用介词:
e.g. After you arrive (here/there), please call me.
你到了(这里/那儿)后给我打个电话.
(3)late 迟,晚 (形容词或副词)
e.g. Why are you late? 你为什么迟到?
Sorry, I come late. 对不起,我来晚了.
be late for + n. (对)……迟到
e.g. Don't be late for work / class /meeting. 上班/上课/开会别迟到.
3.—Can we eat in school? 我们能在学校吃东西吗?
—Yes, we can. 能.
can 为情态动词,情态动词不表示动作或状态,不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化.疑问句和否定句不需要助动词,其后接动词原形.
(1)can 的用法和意义有许多种,在本单元内我们学习它表示“许可”的用法.
e.g. Can I sit here? No, you can't. 我可以坐在这里吗?不能.
Can I go home now, Mr. Li? 李老师,我现在可以回家了吗?
You can go now. 你现在可以走了.
(2)can还有一种最常见的意义“能,会”,表示具有某种能力.
e.g. —Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗?—Yes, I can. 会.
—Can she speak English? 她会讲英语吗?
—No, but she can speak French. 不会.但她会讲法语.
4.—Do you have to wear a uniform at school? 你们在学校不得不/必须得穿制服吗?
—Yes, we do. 是的.
have to 不得不,必须
(1)have to连起来用作情态动词,第一、二人称和第三人称复数用have to,主语是第三人称单数用has to:
我们/我/你/你们/他们明天不得不去那儿.
e.g. She/He/Jim has to stay there. 她/他/吉姆不得不呆在那儿.
(2)与其它情态动词不同,含有情态动词have/has to的句子在变成疑问句或否定句时要借助于助动词do 或
does,回答时也一样.
e.g. Do you have to leave now? Yes, I do. 你不得不现在离开吗?是的.
Does Tom have to go with his parents? Yes, he does.
/No, he doesn't.
Tom不得不和父母一起去吗?是的./不,不必.
※当前面用了助动词时,后面的 has也应用have.(见上例句)
5.Practice your guitar every day. 每天练习吉它.
practice v. 练习,实践
(1)practice+n.
You must practice your spoken English every day.
你必须每天练习你的英语口语.
(2)practice+v-ing
如果 practice后接动词,应该把这个动词变成-ing形式:
e.g. Jim practices playing the piano every day.
吉姆每天练习弹钢琴.
6.No talking! 禁止讲话!
这是一种在公共场所下经常见到的标志,也是一种规章制度.它由 no+v-ing构成,表示“不许做……”.
e.g. No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
No parking! 不许停车!
一.教学目标
1)学会谈论规则和制定规则.
2)学会使用祈使句.
3)学会使用can , have to .
4)学会用英文表达一些标志的含义.
二.文化目标
通过让学生用英语与别人谈论规则、制定规则,培养学生获取信息的能力及合作精神.
三.认知目标
1)词汇
classroom, hallway, arrive, late, inside, outside, without, uniform,
sneakers, practice, can, can’t, listen to, have to , make one’s bed, in class,
no talking
2)语法项目
祈使句,情态动词can, have to 的用法.
3)语言目标
Can we eat in school?
We can eat in the cafeteria, but we can’t eat in the classroom.
Can we wear hats in school? No, we can’t.
Don’t arrive late for class.
一.单词归类
I . TV shows (电视节目):
1.talk show 访谈节目,
2.soap opera 肥皂剧,
3.sports show 体育节目,
4.sitcom 情景喜剧,
5.game show 娱乐节目,
6.healthy living 健康生活,
7.animal world 动物世界,
8.English Today 今日英语,
9. Tell it like it is 实话实说,
10.CCTV news 中央新闻,
11. Culture - Beijing 文化北京,
12.Chinese Cooking 中国饮食,
II. the phrases (词组):
love 喜爱,
don't mind 不介意,
can't stand 不能容忍,
don't like 不喜欢,
III. the things (物品):
wallet 钱包, hair clip 发卡, belt 腰带, scarf 围巾, key ring 钥匙圈, sunglasses 太阳镜,
ring 戒指, watch 手表,
(七)扩展词汇
I. 电视节目.
1. TV play 电视剧,
2. Sports World 体育世界,
3. Road to Health 健康之路,
4. Modern English 洋话连篇,
5. Discovery 发现,
6. Man and Nature: 人与自然,
7.Weekend Chat: 周末闲聊,
II. 饰物
1. bouquet 胸花, 2. earring 耳环, 3. bracelet 手镯 , 4. handkerchief 手帕,
5. hair ribbon 装饰发卡, 6. necklace 项链,
二.重点短语
1. write an article for the school magazine. 给学校杂志写一篇文章
2. a thirteen - year - old boy. 一个十三岁的男孩
3. wear colorful clothes. 穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服
4. interview sb. 采访某人 5. in fact. 实际上
6. wear scarves. 戴着围巾
7. think of 想起,考虑到
三.重点句子
1. What do you think of soap operas? I can't stand them.
2. What do you think of sports shows? I don't mind them.
3. What does she think of "Hilltop High"? She doesn't like it.
4. What does Tony think of Tommy? He likes him.
四.重难点讲解 :
1 .— What do you think of soap operas? 你认为肥皂剧怎么样?
— I can't stand them. 我无法忍受它们.
( 1 )询问对某人或某事的看法、态度,可以用这个句型:
What +助动词+某人+ think of +某事(某人)?
A . What do you think of this film? 你认为这部影片怎么样?
B . What does your father think of your new job? 你爸爸认为你的新工作如何?
C . What do you think of Tom? 你认为汤姆这个人怎么样?
回答时可以根据自己的看法来作出评价或转述别人的看法.
A . It's great! 太棒了! B . He doesn't mind. 他不在意. C . He is friendly. 他很友好.
( 2 ) soap opera 肥皂剧
肥皂剧最早是指本世纪 30
年代美国无线电广播中播放的一种长篇广播连续剧.由于当时的赞助商主要是日用清洁剂厂商,期间播的广告主要也是肥皂广告,“肥皂剧”的称呼便由此产生.现在人们也用来指一些剧情比较拖沓、冗长的电视连续剧.
( 3 ) stand
① stand v. 站, 站立
e.g. Stand up! 起立! Stand under the tree. It's cool there. 站在树下吧,那儿凉爽.
② v. 忍受,忍耐(与 bear, put up with 同义)
e.g. I have stood 3 hours. I can't stand it. 我已经站了三个小时了,我受不了.
Mary couldn't stand the hot weather. 玛丽无法忍受这炎热的天气.
2 . I don't mind them. 我不介意他们.
mind 的用法
( 1 ) n. 想法,看法,意见
e.g. make up one's mind 下定决心,拿定主意 change one's mind 改变主意
2 ) v. 介意,反对(其后接名词或 v-ing 形式或从句作宾语,常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中.)
e.g. Do you mind if I smoke here? 我如果在这里抽烟你介意吗?
He doesn't mind hard work. 他不介意艰辛的工作.
Do you mind opening the window? 你介意把窗户打开吗?
3 . love 与 like
love 与 like 都有“喜爱、喜欢”的意思,在用法上其后都可以接名词,不定式和 v-ing ,但 love 从意味上比 like 要强一些.
e.g. I love China . 我热爱中国. I like sports. 我喜欢运动.
另一个单词 enjoy 也有“喜爱、喜欢”的意思,但它只能接名词和 v-ing ,不能接不定式.
e.g. She enjoys light music. (She enjoy listening to light music.)
她喜欢听轻音乐.
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 = have a good time
e.g. Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 你在晚会上玩得开心吗?
4 . Welcome to 9 o'clock Weekend Talk. 欢迎你收看 9 点钟的《周末聊天》.
welcome 欢迎
e.g. Welcome to our school! 欢迎到我们学校来!
Welcome back the national table-tennis team! 欢迎国家乒乓球队归来!
welcome 还可以用作形容词.
—— Thank you! —— You're welcome. 不用谢(哪儿的话).
5 . How about … ? ……如何?……怎样?
how about 用于询问别人对某人或某事的看法,与 what about
可以互换,其后能接名词、代词宾格
或 v-ing .
e.g. How about going out for a walk? 去散散步怎样?
What about this scarf? 这条围巾如何?
6 . Can you please put my opinions in next month's magazine?
你能把我的意见加进下个月的杂志吗?