英美概况有关的,英国大宪章和美国的三权分立制度,问题与要求如下：1.What’s the significance of the Great Charter?(1) Why and how was the Great Charter signed?(2) The Great Charter,or the Magna Carta is a most important doc

英美概况有关的,英国大宪章和美国的三权分立制度,问题与要求如下：1.What’s the significance of the Great Charter?(1) Why and how was the Great Charter signed?(2) The Great Charter,or the Magna Carta is a most important doc
英美概况有关的,
英国大宪章和美国的三权分立制度,问题与要求如下：
1.What’s the significance of the Great Charter?
(1) Why and how was the Great Charter signed?
(2) The Great Charter,or the Magna Carta is a most important document in English history.It is as important to the English people as the Declaration of Independence to the Americans.It has been regarded as “the corner stone” of English history.
The Great Charter was the first step of constitutional experiment and rule of law.
The Great Charter laid down the basic rules for the English and American legal system.
(3) the charter represented a turning point in the development of English history.The demand for a social order regulated by the law began to challenge feudal despotism.
2.Explain briefly how the three branches of American Federal government balance and limit each other.
(1)the three different branches of American Federal government and their respective
functions.
(2) how does each branch check,or limit the powers of the other two.
答案最好能在150字以上,英文回答.

英美概况有关的,英国大宪章和美国的三权分立制度,问题与要求如下：1.What’s the significance of the Great Charter?(1) Why and how was the Great Charter signed?(2) The Great Charter,or the Magna Carta is a most important doc
1.
King John's reign caused much discontent among the barons.In 1215,he was forced to sign a document,known as Mangna Carta,or the Great Charter.It has 63 clauses.Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberities,its spirit was the limitation of the king's powers,keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.
Only the ill-informed can now regard the Great Charter as important because it originally converted into a limited monarchy one which had hitherto been arbitrary and oppressive. Medieval conditions made despotism undesired in theory and impossible in practice in all but a very few exceptional areas (of which certain city states of late medieval Italy were the most important).1 The popular law of the Dark Ages knew nothing of absolute rule nor did the Church countenance it at this time. The ceremony of coronation, if it increased the prestige of kingship, also made allegiance to the ruler conditional on promises of good government therein given. These premisses, inevitably short and general, might well seem inadequate when a ruler arose who violated the spirit of compromise that inspired them. Such a one was William Rufus, whose arbitrary and violent conduct may have led to his own sudden death and certainly inspired a discontent which his successor, Henry I, found it desirable to placate by the issue of a special Charter of Liberties. This Charter, significantly, was an amplified version of the premises contained in the coronation oath, and, equally significantly, provided the basis of the Great Charter, when in a much more difficult and complex age there arose another King as unregulated as Rufus. What was new, therefore, about the Great charter was certainly not the theory which lay behind it, but the very elaborate and forthright way in which that theory was given concrete form. For roughly two centuries it became the authoritative expression of the rights of the community against the Crown. As such it was seldom far from men's minds and royal confirmation of it was demanded and secured repeatedly. By the early fifteenth century many of its provisions had inevitably become antiquated and the mighty problems of the sixteenth century led men to regard royal authority as much more of a blessing than a curse; under such conditions the Great Charter was of little significance. The famous constitutional struggles of Stuart times saw the beginning of what has been termed "the myth of Magna Carta," when the Charter was re-discovered and rapturously acclaimed as "the most majestic instrument and sacrosanct anchor of English liberties" (Spelman). It is this conception which it falls to the modern historian
to re-assess.
2.
The federal government of the United States is the central government entity established by the United States Constitution, which shares sovereignty over the United States with the governments of the individual U.S. states. The federal government has three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. Through a system of separation of powers and the system of "checks and balances," each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branches.[1] The policies of the federal government have a broad impact on both the domestic and foreign affairs of the United States. In addition, the powers of the federal government as a whole are limited by the Constitution, which, per the Tenth Amendment, states that all powers not expressly assigned to the federal government are reserved to the states or to the people.