现在时与现在完成时的区别

现在时与现在完成时的区别
现在时与现在完成时的区别

现在时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时的用法
主语+have(has)+过去分词(done)
1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently,still, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.
Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句)
7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.

现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”
1.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系.
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了.(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了.)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...,today等)连用.
例如： Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
2.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去.
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿.(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去.)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了.(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去.)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now,so far)等.
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息.
注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词.如：come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等.
(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：
①for短语
②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句
3.一段时间+has passed+since从句
4.主语＋have / has been＋since短语
例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了
一.have/has been doing
定义:一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态.
构成：一般现在时用行为动词的原形,但第三人称单数作主语时,动词的词尾要加-S.（一般的动词词尾+S.以sh/ch/s/x结尾的词+es.以辅音字母Y结尾的把Y变成i,+es.辅音字母+o结尾的+es.)
形式:主语+动词原形+宾语
用法：1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用.
2.表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征.
3.表示现在的状态.
4.表示客观事实和普遍真理.
5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时.
6.表示预先计划或安排好的行为.
7.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时.
8.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时,只用一般现在时,而不用进行时态.
9.表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态
一般现在时的用法：
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用.
时间状语： always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month hardly ever,never.
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实.
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中.
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败.
☆注意★：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时.
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性.
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作.再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时.
5).表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事.
He starts next week.
他下个星期出发.
We leave very soon.
我们很快就离开.
The train starts at 10 o'clock in the morning.
火车将在早上10点开出.
这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词：go去,come来,leave离开,start出发,begin开始,
arrive到达,take off起飞,等.
一般现在时Be动词情况
am,is,are也可以做一般现在时的助动词
例如:I am a student.
一般现在时表将来:
1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return,live,fly的一般现在时表将来.这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情.
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.
2）倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3）在时间或条件句中.
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后.
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
基本形式(以do为例):
主动态:do
被动态:does
过去时:did

一个现在正在进行的动作，一个站在现在，看动作已经完成

你看下面两个句子的区别：
我正在回答你的问题。
我已经回答过这个问题了。
用英语说就是
I am answering your question.
I have answered your question.
看出汉语和英语的不同了吗，汉语用“正在”表示现在的动作，“已经”和“了”表示过去的动作。
英语不是加上什么词，而是直接...

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你看下面两个句子的区别：
我正在回答你的问题。
我已经回答过这个问题了。
用英语说就是
I am answering your question.
I have answered your question.
看出汉语和英语的不同了吗，汉语用“正在”表示现在的动作，“已经”和“了”表示过去的动作。
英语不是加上什么词，而是直接把动词变一下。answer 加上ing表示正在，加上ed和前面的助动词have表示完成了。

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