英语翻译2.Material flow optimisation in cold and warm forging 2.1.Avoiding laps In certain conditions of deformation the material can buckle causing collapse of free surface resulting in laps and folds.Laps are the defects that appear when free s

英语翻译2.Material flow optimisation in cold and warm forging 2.1.Avoiding laps In certain conditions of deformation the material can buckle causing collapse of free surface resulting in laps and folds.Laps are the defects that appear when free s
英语翻译
2.Material flow optimisation in cold and warm forging
2.1.Avoiding laps
In certain conditions of deformation the material can buckle causing collapse of free surface
resulting in laps and folds.Laps are the defects that appear when free surface of material
folds over itself.From practical point of view the laps are very annoying kind of defects
because they tend to appear each time when we want to intensify deformation for cost
reduction,for example,when we try to skip preforming operation.The lap can occur in rib-
web forging at a variety of locations where the rib may buckle.Sometimes laps can appear
when we try to upset a billet with diameter to height ratio within admissible limit but due to
small deviations from ideal shape or non-parallel cuts the billet may buckle.
The fully automatic finite element mesh generation implemented in QForm ensures simulation of surface-to-surface contact that happens in a lap area.It is very important for reliable prediction of this defect.The program automatically increases mesh density in critical area when the surface starts to collapse.
This feature is illustrated by practical example of warm forging of the cam of oval shape with two round off-centre cavities of different depth.This is 3D problem.When using cylindrical billet the material first fills the shorter “arm” of the cam and then flows in circumferential direction towards its long “arm” and the laps occur on its upper and lower surfaces (Fig 1 b).The pin on the lower die is higher than on the upper die and lower lap is more developed then upper one.The program automatically detects the zones where the lap potentially may occur and automatically increases the mesh density there (Fig 2.b).Thus the program is able to detect the finest peculiarities of the material flow and is very sensitive.

英语翻译2.Material flow optimisation in cold and warm forging 2.1.Avoiding laps In certain conditions of deformation the material can buckle causing collapse of free surface resulting in laps and folds.Laps are the defects that appear when free s
2.物流优化冷温锻造
2.1.避免圈
在一定条件下的变形材料可以扣造成崩溃自由表面
在圈和褶皱.圈的缺陷出现在自由表面的材料
褶皱本身.从实践的角度圈是很讨厌的缺陷
因为他们往往出现每一次当我们要加强对成本的变形
减少,例如,当我们试图跳过预成型操作.一圈可以发生在肋骨—
网络锻造各种地点的肋骨可能扣.有时会出现一圈
当我们试图打破坯直径高度比在容许限度由于
小偏离理想的形状或平行切坯可扣.
全自动生成有限元网格实施qform保证模拟的面接触,发生在一个圈区.这是非常重要的,可靠的预测这一缺陷.该程序会自动增加网格密度在关键领域时,表面开始崩溃.
此功能是说明了实际的例子,温锻凸轮的椭圆形状的圆偏心腔不同深度.这是三维问题.当使用圆柱坯材料首先将较短的“手臂”的凸轮,然后流入在圆周方向朝长长的“手臂”,出现在upp2圈.物流优化冷温锻造