什么词才要加前缀或者后缀呢?英语中所加的前缀和后缀各有哪几种?如-less,dis-等,那又分别带表了什么意思?请大家说详细一点,谢谢!

什么词才要加前缀或者后缀呢?英语中所加的前缀和后缀各有哪几种?如-less,dis-等,那又分别带表了什么意思?请大家说详细一点,谢谢!
什么词才要加前缀或者后缀呢?
英语中所加的前缀和后缀各有哪几种?如-less,dis-等,那又分别带表了什么意思?
请大家说详细一点,谢谢!

什么词才要加前缀或者后缀呢?英语中所加的前缀和后缀各有哪几种?如-less,dis-等,那又分别带表了什么意思?请大家说详细一点,谢谢!
后缀是一种重要的构词法,通过后缀我们常常可以判断出一个词的词性.下面分四大类分别讲解一些常见后缀及其含义：
一、名词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下：
1．-ster,-eer,-er（or）意为：从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人（person engaged in an occupation or activity）例词：gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor
2．-let意为：小或者不重要的东西（small,unimportant things）例词：booklet,leaflet,starlet
3．-ette意为：1）小的东西（small）例词：cigarette 2）假的东西（imitation）例词：leatherette 3）女性（female）例词：usherette
4．-ess意为：女性（female）例词：actress,poetess,hostess,paintress
5．-hood意为：时期（status；etc．）例词：boyhood,childhood,manhood
6．-ship意为：才能,状态,资格,品质等（skill,state,condition,status,quality）例词：leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship
7．-ful意为：量（the amount which noun contains）例词：cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful
8．-tion,-ion意为：1）状态,行动等（state；action；etc．）例词：action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2）机构等（institution；etc．）例词：organization,foundation
9．-ment意为：状态,行动等（state； action；etc．）例词：movement,enslavement,pavement
10．-al意为：动作（action）例词：arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal
11．-age意为：程度,数量等（extent； amount；etc．）例词：wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
12．-ness；-ity（ty）意为：状态,品质（state；quality；etc．）例词：happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
13．-ism意为：道义,主义,学说等（doctrine of,practice of）例词：idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism
二、动词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下：
1．-ify意为：转为,变为（to turn into,to make or become）例词：beautify,diversify,simplify
2．-ize；-en意为：使……,变得……（to make or become ；to make into）例词：modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
3．-ate意为：增加,使……（give or add,make or become）例词：originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate
三、形容词后缀：
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下：
1．-ful意为：充满,有（full of；hav- ing；giving；etc．）例词：useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful
2．-less意为：没有,无（without；not giving）例词：speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless
3．-ly意为：有……品质的（having the qualities of）例词：beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly
4．-like意为：像……的（like）例词：childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
5．-y；-ish意为：像……一般的（somewhat like）例词：meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish
6．-some意为：像……一样的；引起……的；有……品质的（like；causing； having the quality of）例词：troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome
7．-able（ible）意为：能……的；可以……的（able to be ；capable）例词：changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible
8．-ed意为：有……的（having,etc．）例词：wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped
9．-al意为：有……属性的,……类型的（nature of,typical of）例词：cultural,personal,regional,musical
10．-ary（ory）意为：属于……的,与……相连的（belonging to；connected with）例词：revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory
11．-ous意为：富含……的；有……品质的；像……的（full of；having the quality of；like）例词：glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious
12．-ic（ical）意为：……类的；属于……的（typical of；belonging to）例词：historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic
13．-ive意为：有……属性的；有某种倾向的（having the nature or quality of；given or tending to）例词：attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive
四、副词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下：
1．-ly意为：以……方式（in a...manner；etc．）
例词：happily,boldly,attentive- ly,strangely
2．-ward（s）意为：表示方式或动作的方向（manner and direction of movement）例词：onward（s）,backward（s）,earthward（s）,homeward（s）,eastward（s）
3．-wise意为：1）按照……方式（in the manner of）例词：crabwise,clockwise2）就……而言（as
far as ...is concerned）例词：weatherwise ,educationwise
有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音．例词：run + er = runner hit + ing = hitting