英语翻译The first case goes back to Ricardo and has been revived recently by Barro (1988).According to this viewpoint,the changes in budget deficits cause offsetting the changes in private saving through anticipations of changes in future taxatio
来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:作业帮 时间:2024/11/07 21:01:16
英语翻译The first case goes back to Ricardo and has been revived recently by Barro (1988).According to this viewpoint,the changes in budget deficits cause offsetting the changes in private saving through anticipations of changes in future taxatio
英语翻译
The first case goes back to Ricardo and has been revived recently by Barro
(1988).According to this viewpoint,the changes in budget deficits cause offsetting
the changes in private saving through anticipations of changes in future taxation.
Therefore,they have no effect on national savings and,consequently,on the current
external account.The second “extreme” view is the one related to the New
Cambridge Group (Fetherston and Godley,1978) and is derived from the UK
empirical evidence.According to it,the private sector’s (household and corporate
sector) net acquisition of financial assets is zero.That is,the private disposable
income is equal to the private consumption and investment expenditure.Therefore,
the national income identity implies that a government budget deficit must be
matched by an equal current account deficit (and a change in the government budget
deficit by an equal change in the current account deficit).This view is also consistent
with the Mundell-Fleming model under perfect capital mobility and a floating
exchange rate.
We present in Appendix 4 the relevant evidence for Romania regarding the
evolution of the general government financial balance,the current account balance,
private savings,investment,etc.,all relative to GDP and on a national accounts basis.
Dividing the whole period 1990-1998 in three equal periods,that can be
characterised as being relatively homogeneously,and taking the average ratios for
the three periods,we obtained the tables 4a and 4b,which are different versions of
the same identity.
Table 4a is based on a version of the national income identity,expressed by
equation (12),which presents separately the general government financial surplus
separately from the private savings (PS) and private investment (PI).GGFS includes
the current and investment expenditures in the expenditure side.Such a presentation
is helpful if the objective is to separate the budget deficit from the private sector’s
saving-investment gap:
GGFS + PS – PI = CAS,(12)
where CAS is the current account surplus on a national accounts basis (“net
lending”).On the other hand,Table 4b is based on another version of the same
identity:
NS – NI = CAS (13)
which presents the CAS as the difference between the national gross savings (NS)
and investment (NI).
英语翻译The first case goes back to Ricardo and has been revived recently by Barro (1988).According to this viewpoint,the changes in budget deficits cause offsetting the changes in private saving through anticipations of changes in future taxatio
第一宗案件可追溯到里卡多,并已恢复了巴罗(1988)最近.根据这种观点,在财政预算出现赤字变化的原因,通过抵消在今后的税收变化企盼的私人储蓄的变化.因此,他们不会对国民储蓄,效果因此,在当前的外部帐户.第二个“极端”的观点是有关新剑桥集团(费瑟斯顿和戈德利,1978年一),是来自英国的经验证据得出.据判决书称,私营部门(家庭和公司部门)的金融资产净获得为零.也就是说,私人可支配收入等于私人消费和投资支出.因此,国民收入的身份意味着,政府预算赤字必须与平等的经常帐赤字,在经常项目赤字相等的变化(及在政府预算赤字的变化).这种观点是一致的蒙代尔一弗莱明模型在完美的资本流动和浮动汇率.目前,我们在附录4中有关证据的罗马尼亚关于政府机构的财政平衡的演变,目前的帐户余额,私人储蓄,投资等等,所有相对于国内生产总值和国民会计基础.划分了三个平等的时期,这也可作为一种较均匀的特点,并采取三个时期的平均比率在整个1990-1998年期间,我们得到了表4a和4b,这是不同版本的同一身份.表4a是基于国民收入的身份版本为基础,由方程(12),其中介绍分开私人储蓄(PS)和一般政府的财政盈余分别表达私人投资(PI)的.GGFS包括当前和支出方面的投资支出.这样的介绍是有帮助的目标是独立于私人机构的储蓄,预算赤字与投资的差距:GGFS + PS框-有价证券=中国科学院,(12)在民安队是关于国民会计基础的经常帐盈余(“净贷款“).另一方面,表4b是基于一个同样身份的版本:纳秒-倪=中科院(13),它提出的国家之间的(NS)和投资(国民收入).
高炉总储蓄的差额,民安队
第一宗案件可追溯到里卡多,并已恢复了巴罗(1988)最近。根据这种观点,在财政预算出现赤字变化的原因,通过抵消在今后的税收变化企盼的私人储蓄的变化。因此,他们不会对国民储蓄,效果因此,在当前的外部帐户。第二个“极端”的观点是有关新剑桥集团(费瑟斯顿和戈德利,1978年一),是来自英国的经验证据得出。据判决书称,私营部门(家庭和公司部门)的金融资产净获得为零。也就是说,私人可支配收入等于私人消费和投...
全部展开
第一宗案件可追溯到里卡多,并已恢复了巴罗(1988)最近。根据这种观点,在财政预算出现赤字变化的原因,通过抵消在今后的税收变化企盼的私人储蓄的变化。因此,他们不会对国民储蓄,效果因此,在当前的外部帐户。第二个“极端”的观点是有关新剑桥集团(费瑟斯顿和戈德利,1978年一),是来自英国的经验证据得出。据判决书称,私营部门(家庭和公司部门)的金融资产净获得为零。也就是说,私人可支配收入等于私人消费和投资支出。因此,国民收入的身份意味着,政府预算赤字必须与平等的经常帐赤字,在经常项目赤字相等的变化(及在政府预算赤字的变化)。这种观点是一致的蒙代尔一弗莱明模型在完美的资本流动和浮动汇率。目前,我们在附录4中有关证据的罗马尼亚关于政府机构的财政平衡的演变,目前的帐户余额,私人储蓄,投资等等,所有相对于国内生产总值和国民会计基础。划分了三个平等的时期,这也可作为一种较均匀的特点,并采取三个时期的平均比率在整个1990-1998年期间,我们得到了表4a和4b,这是不同版本的同一身份。表4a是基于国民收入的身份版本为基础,由方程(12),其中介绍分开私人储蓄(PS)和一般政府的财政盈余分别表达私人投资(PI)的。 GGFS包括当前和支出方面的投资支出。这样的介绍是有帮助的目标是独立于私人机构的储蓄,预算赤字与投资的差距:GGFS + PS框-有价证券=中国科学院,(12)在民安队是关于国民会计基础的经常帐盈余(“净贷款“)。另一方面,表4b是基于一个同样身份的版本:纳秒-倪=中科院(13),它提出的国家之间的(NS)和投资(国民收入)。
提问者:高炉总储蓄的差额,民安队
收起