初2英语所学的所有比较级和最高级越多越好吖
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初2英语所学的所有比较级和最高级越多越好吖
初2英语所学的所有比较级和最高级
越多越好吖
初2英语所学的所有比较级和最高级越多越好吖
初二英语第一册复习知识要点
一、一般现在时
★ 一般现在时指经常性或习惯性的动作或状态,常和often, usually, always, sometimes, every……等时间状语连用.肯定句谓语动词用动词原形(单三+s), 否定句用don’t /doesn’t +动词原形,疑问句用Do/Does…+动词原形?
e.g. Tom does his homework every day. 汤姆每天都做家庭作业.
否定句:Tom doesn’t do his homework everyday. 汤姆每天都不做家庭作业.
疑问句:Does Tom do his homework everyday? 汤姆每天都做家庭作业吗?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. 是的.(不,不做.)
二、现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法
1.表示说话时正在进行的动作
常和now 连用,有时用一个look、listen ,来表now 这一时间概念.
*Look! A train is coming .看,火车来了.
*Listen! He is playing the piano.听,她在弹琴.
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作
但不一定是说话时正在进行.常和at present ,this week ,these days…等时间状语连用.
*What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了?(说话是并不在学)
3.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作
即是说可以用来代替将来时,但此时,一般要语表示将来时的时间状语连用,而且仅限于少量动词.如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep
*Are you going to Tianjing tomorrow? 你明天去天津吗?
*How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会?
三、一般将来时
█一般将来时
1.be going to+ 动词原形~
对于将要发生的事,或打算、计划、决定要做的事情时,皆以be going to + 动词原形,的句型来表示.
因此此句型有be动词,所以是否用am, is, are ,决定于主语.
1.肯定句:主语+be (is, am, are) going to +动词原形
I am going to play football next Sunday.
下周日我打算踢足球.
◇He is going to travel around the world. 他计划周游世界.
◇They are going to meet outside the school gate. 它们打算在校门口见面.
◇It is going to rain. 要下雨了.
2.否定句:主语+be (am, are, is) not going to +动词原形
We are not going to have any class next week. 下周我们不上课.
◇I’m not going to be a teacher. 我不打算当老师.
◇He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥.
3.疑问句:Be (Am, Is, Are) +主语+ going to + 动词原形
◇Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你长大了,打算当一名医生吗?
Yes, I am. 是的,我打算当.
No, I’m not. 不,我不打算当.
will 同be going to 的用法相同
以今天为起点的所有将来时间,如:
this afternoon / this evening = tonight / tomorrow/
tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening ,
the day after tomorrow / next week ,
next Wednesday / next month,
next September / next year.
例句:
1.I’m going to be a teacher later on.
2.We’ll wait for you at the school gate.
3.Shall we go and get some food?
★ “be going to + 动词原形” 表示计划、打算、将来发生的动作,常和this afternoon (今天下午),this evening = tonight (今晚),tomorrow (明天),tomorrow morning (afternoon , evening ) (明早,午,晚),the day after tomorrow(后天),next Sunday (下个星期天), next week (下周), next month (下个月), next year (明年)等的时间状语连用,前不加任何介词.另外,动作性动词go ,come 和leave 等的现在进行时表示一般将来时动作.
e.g.
1. I’m going to Beijing. 我要去北京.
2.He’s leaving for Japan in two days. 他两天后要奔赴日本.
四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1.比较级:句子表示两者之间的比较时用比较级,其标志词是than, much, a little , even和still等.
e.g. ① Her hair is much longer than mine. 她的头发比我的长多了.
② I’m a little older than you. 我比你大一点儿.
2.最高级:句子表示三者或多者的比较时用最高级,其标志词是表示范围的in…或of …介词短语.在句子中,形容词最高级前必须加the.
e.g. ① The boy is the tallest in our class. 这个男孩是我们班最高的.
② Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?
★形容词的比较级和最高级:
形容词有三种等级:原级、比较级、最高级.
3.原级:句中只有一者时用原级,其标志词是very, so, too, quite等.
e.g. His handwriting is very good.他的书法很好. (一个人不作比较.)
太阳、月亮和地球那个大?
★ 形容词比较级和最高级的构成:
1.一般在原级后加er 构成比较级,加est构成最高级.
e.g. small smaller smallest
young younger youngest
2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的形容词,直接加r 或st 构成比较级和最高级.
e.g. nice nicer nicest
late later latest
3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词,变y为i ,再加er 或est, 构成比较级和最高级.
e.g. busy busier busiest
heavy heavier heaviest
4.在重读闭音节中,末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词,要先双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est, 构成比较级和最高级.
e.g. hot hotter hottest
big bigger biggest
5.个别形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则变化,需个别记忆.
e.g. good (well) better best
bad (badly, ill) worse worst
many(much) more most
little less lest
far father farthest
或 further furthest
★ 副词的比较级和最高级:
1.以ly 结尾的副词,除early 变为 earlier 和 earliest 外, 其余一律在其前加more 和most. 如:carefully – more carefully – most carefully
2.规则变化直接加er 和 est . 如:fast – faster—fastest
3.个别词是不规则变化,需要特别记忆.
如:well – better – best
far – farther – fastest
badly – worse – worst
4.句子中,副词最高级前的the 可省略也可以不省略,但形容词最高级前面的the 绝对不能去掉.
e.g. Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Jim or Mike?
形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词 tal...
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形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词 tall(高的) taller tallest
末尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest
以不发音的e结尾 nice(好的) nicer nicest
的单音节 large(大的) larger largest
以- le结尾的双 able(有能力的) abler ablest
音节词只加-r,-st
以一个辅音字母 big(大的) bigger biggest
结尾的闭音节单 hot(热的) hotter hottest
音节词,双写结
尾的辅音字母,
再加-er,-est
“以辅音字母+y” easy(容易的) easier easiest
结尾的双音节词,busy(忙的) busier busiest
改y为i,再加-er,-est
少数以-er,-ow clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest
结尾的双音节词 narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
末尾加-er,-est
其他双音节词和 important(重要的) more important
多音节词,在前 most important
面加more,most
来构成比较级和 easily(容易地)
最高级 more easily most easily
2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good(好的)/ better best
well(健康的)
bad (坏的)/ worse worst
ill(有病的)
old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many(多的) more most
little(少的) less least
far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest
as + 形容词或副词原级 + as
1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as
as + many/much +名词+as
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can.
3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
4)倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ the + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
比较级形容词或副词 + than
You are taller than I.
The lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
注意:
1)要避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is cleverer than his brother.
2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4)要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有冠词。
比较:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
可修饰比较级的词
1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。
2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3)以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
例题:
1) ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes,I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better
答案:B any 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better。
2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
答案:C much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。
3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
答案:D
物主代词:
物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
1. 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,用在名词前。
例:①This is my book.这是我的书。
②We love our motherland.我们热爱我们的祖国。
2. 名词性物主代词起名词的作用。
名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
为避免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式
例:My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink.
可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.
Look at the two pencils. The red one is yours and the blue one is mine.
看那两支铅笔,红的是你的,蓝的是我的。
一览表
however可为复合关系副词。
(1)(引领让步从句)无论如何
However hard he may try, he cannot do it in a week.
(= No matter how hard he may try, …)
无论他怎样努力工作,也不能在一星期内做好。
however有时可表达“然而”、“可是”之意,出现于句中或句尾。
They said that it was so;they were mistaken,however.
他们说事情就是如此,可是他们错了。
系动词:
系动词亦称连系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
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